Functional Voice Disorder Flash
Video This video shows a patient with a functional
(non-organic) voice disorder. The patient was a 30 year old
non-smoking female.
Stress and anxiety can often cause this disorder which may be a
form of a conversion reaction. Notice that although the voice
is weak and tremulous the larynx appears normal and the patient has a normal
cough.
Functional Voice Disorder Flash
Video This
video shows a patient with a functional (non-organic) voice
disorder. The patient was a 25 year old female who did not
have a history ofsmoking. Stress and anxiety can often cause
this disorder. Notice that although the voice is weak and
tremulous the larynx appears normal and the patient has a normal
cough.
Spastic
Functional Voice Flash Video This video shows the function of a larynx in a 64 year old female with a very tight spastic
voice. The patient had onset of severe hoarseness and a tight
voice two weeks after suffering a minor stroke. She was also
scheduled to have her thyroid removed due to a suspicious thyroid
nodule. Four weeks later, two to three days before her
thyroid surgery, her voice started to improve. After surgery
her voice became completely normal.
Lax Larynx Flash
Video This
video shows the function of a larynx with lax or
weak vocal cords which are commonly seen in patients over the age
of 70 years. Age related dysphonia or presbylarynges is part
of the normal aging process. This patient did not
smoke, he was 75 years old. Note the small cyst in the
patient's left vallecula.
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Presbylaryngeus
leukoplakia on
the true vocal cords. The vocal cord mucosa is also
edematous. The patient was a 55 year old with a 35
pack year history of smoking. The mucosa on
the vocal cords has edema.
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Leukoplakia
Cancer of the Larynx Flash
Video This video shows the
function of a larynx with a cancer that involves the right true vocal cord (T1a). This patient was a 47 yr old male with a
50 pack
year history of smoking. She was treated
with vocal cord stripping followed by full course radiation
therapy.
Carcinoma of the Larynx
Flash Video This
video shows the function of a larynx with a T1 Cancer on the supraglottic larynx in a 52
yr old female with a 35 pack
year history of smoking. The cancer
does not appear to involve the true vocal cords but the patient's
voice is still mildly hoarse.
supraglottis that involves the mucosa of more than one
sub-structure (false vocal
cords,
aryepiglottic fold, arytenoid, suprahyoid and infrahyoid epiglottis). This patient was 63 years old and had a
80 pack
year history of smoking.
Cancer of the Larynx Flash
Video This video shows the
function of a larynx with a large T4 Cancer of the larynx in
a 66 yr old male with a 50 pack
year history of smoking. The cancer had
recurred after initial surgery and radiation therapy and had
spread into the soft tissues of the neck and severely compromises
the airway.
Recurrent Cancer of the Larynx Flash
Video This video shows
the function of a larynx with a
recurrent cancer involving the anterior true vocal
cord. This 40 year old patient smoked and had been
treated 6 years previously with full course radiation therapy for a
laryngeal cancer.
.
She has had a hoarse voice for over a year. On endoscopy, she
has large vocal cord polyps. Notice how thin the overlying
mucosa is and the clear gelatinous material in the polyps allow
visualization of the vocalis tendon.
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Polyp Listen To
Patient's Voice
This video is from a 47 year
old female patient with a 45 pack year history of smoking.
She has had a hoarse voice for over a year. On fiberoptic
laryngoscopy she was found to have large vocal cord polyps.
Notice how thin the overlying mucosa is and the clear gelatinous
material in the polyps allow visualization of the vocalis
tendon.
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Polyp
This video shows the function
of a larynx with a pedunculated right vocal cord polyp.
This patient is a 38 year old male who had smoked 1 pack per day
for 25 years and has had a hoarse voice for over the past 6
months.
Larynx Ventricular Polyp Flash
Video This video shows the
function of a larynx with a large
polyp coming out of the right laryngeal ventricle and overlying the
right true vocal
cord. This
patient was 50 year old and did not smoke. The symptoms
stated 6 weeks previously after she was
. She has had a hoarse
voice for over a year. On endoscopy she has large vocal cord
polyps. Notice how thin the overlying mucosa is and the clear
gelatinous material in the polyps allow visualization of the
vocalis tendon. Search PubMed
for Vocal Cord Polyp
Vocal Cord
Paralysis: (Back To
Top) This section contains six videos showing different types
of laryngeal ( or voice
box ) paralysis. There are five videos with a unilateral
paralysis of the true vocal
cord, four of these have
paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal
nerve and one of the superior laryngeal nerve. One video show a bilateral paralysis due to
lung cancer. Paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal
nerve can present in two ways. One is an adductor
muscle paralysis where the cords are abducted or moved
away from the midline. If uncompensated, this type of
paralysis produces a weak voice but good airway. Compensation
can produce a stronger voice by the working true vocal
cord moving across the midline to meet the lateralized
cord, or by phonating with
the false vocal cords.
If a
bilateral adductor
muscle paralysis is present, the voice will be weak and
breathy but the patient will have a good airway. The other
type of paralysis is abductor
muscle paralysis where the paralyzed true vocal cord
is adducted or near the
midline. In this case the voice is strong but raspy. If
a bilateral abductor
muscle paralysis is present, the voice will be good but
serious airway obstruction may occur. In a superior laryngeal nerve paralysis, the supraglottis is shifted away
from the paralyzed side and the true vocal
cord is shortened and lax on the innervated side. Go To Treatment of True Vocal Cord
Paralysis
Vocal Cord Paralysis Flash
Video(ParamedianParalysis- Partially Compensated
Mildly Weak Voice ) This patient is a 44 year old with a
35 pack year history of smoking and a 3 month history of a hoarse
voice and mild aspiration of liquids. This video shows the
patient's chest CT scan and the endoscopic video of the
patient's larynx during vocalization. The
patient has partially compensated vocal cord function and a
paralyzed left true vocal cord in the paramedian
position.
Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis Flash
Video( BilateralAdductor MuscleParalysis
-Weak
BreathyVoice
) This video
shows the function of a larynx which has
paralysis of both true vocal
cords. The patient
was a very heavy smoker and developed lung cancer. First, the
patient's left cord became paralyzed and then his right. As
can be seen in the video, the cords quiver but do not consistently
touch each other during phonation. The patient has an adductor muscle paralysis (the true vocal cords are
lateral and not
touching in midline). In this type of paralysis, the patient
has a good airway but a very weak voice. If the nerves
(recurrent laryngeal
nerves) to the vocal
cords were completely transected, the patient would have primarily
an Abductor Muscle paralysis with the cords touching each other
in the midline. In this case, the patient's voice would be
strong but he would have severe airway obstruction.
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Paralysis
This video shows the
function of a larynx from a 51 year old
white female with a bilateral true vocal cord paralysis.
The patient was a non-smoker and has Lupus Erythematosus. Her
voice is weak but has a good airway. Three years ago she had
a transient left true vocal
cord
paralyses which lasted for three
weeks. Notice that her true vocal cords stay apart but the
apices of the arytenoid cartilages make contact. There is
even a contact ulcer forming on the apex of the left artyenoid
cartilage. The paralysis resolved 2 weeks latter.
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Paralysis
This patient is a 73 year old
with a 6 month history of strider and a 25 pack year history of
smoking. Her voice was good but the airway was
compromised. CT Scan of the chest and lower neck was
unremarkable. The cause of the paralysis was unknown. A
year and a half later she required a tracheotomy.
This video shows the function of a larynx with
Bilateral abductor true vocal cord paralysis
. The patient has a good
voice but cannot fully open the vocal cords. The vocal cords
can still fully adduct (close). However, they did not abduct
(open) even on coughing.
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Paralysis
This video shows the
function of a larynx from
a 35 year old white female with a left true vocal
cord paralysis. The paralysis occurred after the
removal of a mediastinal mass
involving the aortic arch. Note that the cord is
lateral
(away from the midline
of the larynx ) and bowed. The voice is hoarse
but only mild weakness is present since the patient has partially
compensated.
Search PubMed for Vocal
Cord Paralysis
Vocal Cord Paralysis Flash
Video(Adductor
MuscleParalysis- Compensated Strong Voice
) This patient is a 56 year old who presented with a good but
intermittently weak voice for the past two months. The
patient was a non-smoker. On examination the right
true vocal cord was
found to be in the lateral position (abducted) with
good compensation of the opposite cord. No cause for the
paralysis was found.
Search PubMed for Vocal
Cord Paralysis
Vocal
Cord Paralysis Video(Adductor MuscleParalysis - Compensated by phonating with false
vocal cords. Strong Raspy Voice) This video shows
the function of a larynx with a paralyzed left true vocal
cord. The
patient had surgery on her left lung and mediastinum for
cancer. She has compensated with phonation or
speaking with her false cords. Thus, she has a very rough and
raspy voice instead of the breathy voice as is usually seen with
vocal cord paralysis. This patient had a 55
pack
year history of smoking.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord
Paralysis
The cause of the
paralysis is unknown or idiopathic. Note that the cord is
lateral
(away from the midline
of the larynx ) and bowed, the voice is very weak
and hoarse.
Search PubMed for Vocal
Cord Paralysis
This video shows the
function of the true vocal
cords. In a patient
with a left non-compensated abductor paralysis. The left true
vocal cord is in a paramedian position, but not midline. The
voice is weak and hoarse.
Search PubMed for Vocal
Cord Paralysis
Anterior Laryngocele
(Supraglottic Cyst) Flash Video The patient
is a 71 year old non-smoking female who presented with an
intermittently hoarse voice. On examination there was a
mucoid cyst attached to the anterior portion of her left false
vocal cord (anterior saccular cyst). The patient underwent a
microdirect laryngoscopy and the cyst was treated with
marsupialization and if it recurs more extensive resection will be
required.
Search PubMed for Supraglottic
Cysts
Vocal Cord Nodules Flash
Video This video shows the function of the larynx in a 5 yr
old patient with true vocal
cord nodules. This condition is also
called " screamer's nodes and singer's nodes ". The nodules
form from vocal abuse. This condition is treated with speech
therapy. With proper use of the voice the nodules should
resolve on their own.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord
Nodule
Vocal Cord Nodules Flash
Video
This video shows the function of
the larynx in a 56 yr
old female patient with bilateral nodules on the true vocal cords. The patient had not smoked for
15 years, but had a 10 pack year history of smoking. She was
a singer and her voice had been hoarse for 6 weeks. She
believed the symptoms started with an upper respiratory
infection. The patient was treated with voice rest,
relaxation techniques and speech therapy. Her symptoms
resolved and her voice returned to normal over the next eight
weeks.
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Cord Nodule
Vocal Cord Nodules Flash
Video This video shows the function of the larynx in a 34 yr
old female patient with a large nodule on the left true vocal
cord. The patient was a non-smoker and had
been hoarse for 3 1/2 months. She underwent surgery
(microdirect laryngoscopy) and had the small nodule on the left
cord removed. Her voice was normal on her first
post-operative visit.
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Nodule
Vocal Cord Nodules Flash
Video
This video shows the function of the
larynx in a 35 yr
old patient with a large true vocal
cord nodule. The patient was a
non-smoker. The cause of the nodule was not known.
Because of it's large size and need to determine a tissue diagnosis
the nodule was surgically removed. The final pathological
diagnosis was a large singer's nodule.
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Nodule
Vocal Cord Nodules Flash
Video This video shows the function of the larynx in a 35 yr
old female patient with true vocal
cord nodules. The patient had a 1 pack year history of smoking and quit 17 years ago. This
condition is also called " screamer's nodules and singer's nodules
". The nodules form from vocal abuse. This condition is
treated with speech therapy. With proper use of the voice the
nodules should resolve on their own.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord
Nodule
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